The Manhattan district attorney’s office shocked a state judge in 2011 when it recommended that the financier Jeffrey Epstein be given the lowest possible sex offender status despite accusations that he had sexually abused dozens of girls.

The judge refused, and the district attorney, Cyrus R. Vance Jr., later reversed his stance, saying his assistant had made a mistake.

Now several women say that the Epstein case was not an isolated incident, contending that Mr. Vance showed leniency toward another well-connected sex offender.

In 2016, Mr. Vance’s office agreed to a plea deal with Robert A. Hadden, a gynecologist who had been accused of sexual abuse by 19 patients, that allowed him to avoid prison time. The office then went against the recommendation of a state panel and sought the lowest sex offender status for the doctor, which a judge granted.

Some of Mr. Hadden’s accusers are renewing calls for an investigation into how the Manhattan district attorney’s office handles sex crimes. They are citing revelations about Mr. Epstein, who killed himself at a Manhattan federal jail in August while being held on sex-trafficking charges, as evidence of what they contend might be a systemic problem at the office.

“It is not a one-off,” said Marissa Hoechstetter, who accused the gynecologist of sexual abuse in a lawsuit. “There’s a pattern of behavior.”