Loeffler graduated with a Bachelor of Science in marketing from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's Gies College of Business, where she was a member of the Alpha Gamma Delta sorority, in 1992.[3] After college, she worked for Toyota as a District Account Manager.[4][5] Financing her degree with assets inherited from her family,[6] she earned a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in international finance and marketing from DePaul University's Kellstadt Graduate School of Business in 1999.[2][3] She worked for Citibank, William Blair & Company, and the Crossroads Group after earning her MBA.[7]

In 2002, Loeffler joined Intercontinental Exchange, a commodity and financial service provider, in investor relations.[8] After marrying the firm's CEO Jeffrey Sprecher in 2004, a courtship described by Sprecher as her biggest risk "because if it didn’t work out, she’d be on the short end of the stick,"[9][10] she was eventually promoted to senior vice president of investor relations and corporate communications.[11] Loeffler bought a minority stake in the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) in 2010.[2] Mary Brock and Loeffler purchased the Atlanta Dream from Kathy Betty in 2011.[11][12] She became the chief executive officer (CEO) of Bakkt, a subsidiary of Intercontinental Exchange, in 2018.[13]