· 23 per cent of women polled across the eight countries said they had experienced online abuse or harassment, ranging from 16 per cent in Italy to 33 per cent in the US

· Online abuse can manifest in different ways including threats of violence, privacy violations or sexist and misogynistic comments. Of women polled who had experienced online abuse or harassment, more than a quarter (26 per cent) said they had received threats of physical or sexual assault

· Online abuse can have a serious psychological impact with women reporting stress, anxiety or panic attacks as well as lower self-esteem as a result of the abuse. Around two-thirds of women who had experienced abuse or harassment online in the UK (67 per cent), New Zealand (64 per cent) and Italy 68 per cent) stated a feeling of apprehension when thinking about using the internet or social media.

· Online abuse has a silencing or censoring effect on women with more than three quarters (76 per cent) of women across the eight countries who had experienced abuse or harassment on social media making some changes to the way they use social media platforms as a result