I mean, in the '60s we had film strip projectors, and before that we had printing.

Even the use of quills and inkwells constitutes technology.

So education's always been technologized. Nothing changed between the 1830s and all-online using an LMS and Nearpod during the COVID eon.


It's not whether there have been acts of politics on the part of either players or owners; it's whether it's been mobilized in support of one side on a grand scale. Diminishing the change is to insist that if something's 1% X it's the same as 99% X. (But if it's 99%X, doesn't that mean it's also 1% not-X, which makes it the same as 99% not-X? So confusing, trying to figure out whether X or Y is to be privileged and lend its aura in disproportionate ways.)

Even prior to the two examples in the OP we had sports that was politicized. Some games were more specifically ethnic and it would be a big deal whether to put in a bocci court, for example. And duckpins had its own following. But that doesn't mean that bocci versus duckpins were primarily acts of political defiance and functioned primarily as agents of social change.