"In another, a user mistook clouds on satellite imagery for craters."

Or palm trees for satellite dishes.

wasn't a Trotsky.

1.

Not Providing the Original Source.

And often people cite X quoting B who said C about what M said about Q. "Would I lie to you?" (Maybe. But I have no reason to think you have a clue. Esp. when the chain of information from you to the source is long short and the source is a 3-word Google search away. "Original documents." They often cause whiplash. But if you know what you're supposed to think the orig. doc. says, you've already been brainwashed and that closed mind needs cracked.)

2. Letting Cheerleading Undermine Your Work
Oops. See last sentence of previous paragraph.

3. Not Archiving Material
I stand condemned. I knew what Douglass' "4th of July Speech" said and relied on a "complete" site of his speech to be my absolutely edited and incomplete version. But I remembered and knew that the effing "complete" site was lying to me. And found *it's* source site (uncited).

This also (but Bellingcat is uncharacteristically kind) in cases where you hear something made up of whole cloth. It was the Israeli IDF that did the attack on 7-10, and is holding the hostages, doncha (falsely) know? (Cited at a recent protest staged by those still presumably learning ... Wonder where they learned *that*?)

At the same time, post-summer-2020 Wiki was edited when it came to the Benin empire page. It went from one reason for the truncated empire's demise was the institution of slavery, which it refused to give up, to basically that white Europeans wanted to complete their conquest. (Granted, those aren't simultaneously possible goals, but removing that the Africans were inveterant and unrepentant slavers in the 1890s is a must-know. I assumed this fact--cited and attested with original sources in 2019--would remain. Much of it is back now that the righteous fervor or fever of 2020 is abated. But again, I screwed up.

And yet, for my HS course, I see a reading I want to keep I download it, import it to Word, reformat it from the horrible mess that the Word doc is, and impose a citation--hoping that the Wayback Machine/Internet Archive will back me up.)

4. Lacking Context for Occurrences, Common or Otherwise

I was taught that a quote that's unfaithful to its in-context meaning is a falsehood. This is apparently taught to be anathema these days to college students. "I am not a rapist. This girl hit on me numerous times and passed me notes inviting me to her place in class. At a party, she invited me back to her place. She asked me to her place, I said no. We talked. She got me drinks. I said yes. Next morning, she made me breakfast and after breaky we had sex again. She gave me her phone number. She was meat to me. Now she says we only did things Sunday morning because she was afraid of me." Becomes "I am ... a rapist ... hit on her numerous times ... Next morning ... we had sex again. ... She was meat to me ... she was afraid of me." And few bat an eye. Or neuron.

Why? Because (1), (2), (4). Context, "I wanna believe ... Fox, Fox Mulder. Horrible training in logically valid albeit ideologically valid quote usage.

I think I'll adopt "ideo" as an English adverb that means "utterly biased and completely manipulative insane". I'm a teacher. It'll be a common vocable.

5. No comment. I'm not around people smart enough to use these tools. Other usages are covered elsewhere.

6. Editing Footage

Anything on Youtube that's "subversively" has been edited. Take the TN offender of a Native American Elder. Selectively edit, and he appeared in time to confront and humiliate a proud indigenous person.

Watch the preceding 20 minutes, and the "proud indigenous person" set up the white boys. "His path was blocked to climb the stairs." Yes, but he went past an open patch of stairs to ensure that his path was blocked, then traipsed through them, inconviencing them on purpose, until this kid stood up to an A-hole. My thought: "What triggered that?" It took a while, but it was a response to a bunch of adult, mature, responsible racist, offensive pigs tauting and inciting a bunch of minors who aren't fully mature.

People objected to the verdicts in the white boy's suit. They only viewed edited footage. This is a common problem. Edited footage is manipulative. Some like being manipulated--see (1), (2), and (4).

Manipulatiion and agitprop is the name of the game, and the job seldom requires just one tool (besides the consumer).

7. Racing to be First at Any Cost

Al-Ahli missile strike. Still cited by some as true. Wrong death toll #s, wrong missile source.