For 40 years, the country has been officially at war against narcotics. The "war on drugs", a term conjured up by Richard Nixon in 1971 and used more frequently during the dark days of Watergate, when the president and his team were looking for any and all ways to distract an angry electorate from the administration's crookedness, has cost America hundreds of billions of dollars and generated remarkably scanty returns. It has led to unprecedented expansions in prisoner populations at a state and federal level; the building of hundreds of new prisons to house these additional inmates – at a staggering cost to state budgets; has impacted American foreign policy around the globe; and has wreaked havoc on already dilapidated communities and their residents. What it hasn't done is end the American appetite for illegal drugs or destroy the supply chains that feed this demand.
Sure, Colombia has seemingly gotten its cartels at least partially on the run, but the Mexican cartels that have succeeded them are at least as vicious and at least as able to hijack the state apparatus to their advantage. Sure, hundreds of thousands of street corner hustlers have been charged with drug crimes and gotten off the streets over the past decades; but they are replaced by new pushers as soon as they are carted off to the local jail to await trial. Sure, some drugs are used less frequently than used to be the case, but others, in particular meth, have become evermore entrenched and evermore damaging to the societal fabric.
Yet, despite the failings, the drug wars have been seen as such as Third Rail issue that, since Nixon, Democratic and Republican administrations alike have hewn closely to the same script. (True, there was a slight dip in the rhetoric during the Carter presidency, but since Reagan's election the fighting has raged unabated.) That has meant more money for interdiction of drugs and incarceration of users and sellers; more of an emphasis on law enforcement responses; more collateral penalties – restrictions on access to welfare, public housing, education loans and the like – for people convicted of drug offenses.
Barack Obama's presidency has broken this mould. Since coming into office, Obama and his team have been reorienting the country vis-à-vis drug control. They have talked less about a war on drugs and more about public health responses to addiction; less about wholesale incarceration and more about treatment – in some cases, the country's new drug policymakers support a person's record being expunged after they have completed court-mandated treatment, so that the drug conviction doesn't evolve into a lifelong handicap. They have made a point of defining the issue in holistic terms, as a problem not only for law enforcement but for systems that provide education, mental health services, job training, community development and so on. Gil Kerlikowske, head of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, has repeatedly talked of the need to treat small-time users rather than criminalise them.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/may/29/usdomesticpolicy-us-politics