|
It is a basic feature of citizenship (in a mature liberal democracy, that is) that one may leave and re-enter one's country of citizenship without let or hindrance. No permission is needed, no obstacle may be thrown up. As long as the other country lets one in, one may go; and as long as one can prove one's citizenship, one may return.
And all that someone under 18, even, would need is acceptable proof of a custodial parent/guardian's permission to leave; s/he could not be prevented from leaving (unless there were some child welfare issue involved), or required to do anything other than show proof of citizenship upon returning.
Other than that, the same laws apply at borders as at any other places. Breathalyzing can only be done with reasonable/probable grounds, etc.
As far as random searches at borders, I figure that although they do violate the standard prohibitions on unreasonable search and seizure, the violations can be justified by an overriding public interest in public safety and whatnot. I wonder whether anyone has ever challenged them?
Me, I got tired a few years ago of being asked by Cdn customs officers at the Canada/US border and at airports, when returning to Canada, "what was the purpose of your visit?" (i.e. visit to wherever I'd been). I decided that the next time someone asked that, I was going to say "mind your own business", or, in proper Miss Manners form, "how kind of you to ask" (followed by silence). I don't have to explain my comings and goings to anyone.
I mentioned this to a border immigration officer I was professional pals with one day, and he said that in fact instructions had recently been issued to customs officers to stop asking this question, for precisely that reason.
Nonetheless, when I was returning from Chicago a couple of years later, and had spent an hour of New Year's Eve sitting on the Port Huron-Sarnia bridge, and was in an all-round foul mood already, the customs officer inquired as to the purpose of my visit. I said something along the lines (in slightly more obstreperous Miss Manners form) of "why do you ask?" Well, she wanted to know whether I'd received any xmas presents. So I said: "Why don't you ask me whether I received any xmas presents?" So she did, and I showed her the neat garage-sale wall mirror my friend had given me, and onward I went.
Now of course I can't pull this shit going the other way. US officials are perfectly entitled to ask, and know, the purpose of my visit there.
Anyhow. There used to be a similar problem between Ontario and Quebec, between Ottawa (Ontario) and Hull (Quebec) -- Ontario's drinking age was higher than Quebec's, and/or Ontario bar closing time was earlier (at different times over the last few decades). Ontario drunks rioting in Quebec and driving home to Ontario were a constant problem.
Obviously, underdevelopment is the real problem. Quebec, in particular the area of western Quebec in question, was underdeveloped relative to Ontario. It needed youthful Ontario drunks to keep the local economy going. So it catered to them. The late bar closing hours were the mainstay of the Hull commercial district.
Then came development. The federal govt built big buildings on that side of the river, and there was a massive influx of civil servants working there, both from Ontario and from the resulting housing growth on the Quebec side. The Hull business district matured, from being an underdeveloped backwater to being a thriving retail and commercial centre. And, I think my vague recollection is right, Hull decided to impose earlier bar closing hours -- solving both its own and Ottawa's problem with youthful late-night drunks.
Obviously, the Mexican border areas need the trade, for the employment and cash it brings. They're not going to cooperate with any efforts to remedy the problem until they can afford to.
The same is true of things like the trafficking in women and children that goes on in many underdeveloped countries, where prostitution is a mainstay of the tourist trade. And of child labour and sweat-shops in general. Sex tourists from the more-developed world, and sneaker buyers in the more-developed countries, just don't cause problems for their own countries the way cross-border youthful drunks do.
A little off topic to be sure, but an interesting example of ... well, capitalism at work. And the blowback it sometimes causes.
.
|