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They were all in continued state of hostility against the United States.
They were held in 'prolonged detention". None had lawyers or any due process of any kind.
How was their detention, for hostile combatants still in a state of war against the United States, unconstitutional?
In the United States, at the end of World War II there were 175 Branch Camps serving 511 Area Camps containing over 425,000 prisoners of war. The camps were located all over the US but were mostly in the South because of the expense of heating the barracks. Eventually, every state with the exception of Nevada, North Dakota, and Vermont had POW camps. This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. Camp Location Camp Allegan Michigan Bradley Field Connecticut Camp Adair Oregon Camp Albuquerque New Mexico Camp Algoma Idaho Camp Algona Iowa Camp Aliceville Alabama Camp Allen Norfolk, Virginia Camp Alva Oklahoma Camp Andrews Boston Harbor Camp Angel Island California Camp Ashby Virginia Camp Ashford West Virginia Camp Atlanta Nebraska Camp Atterbury (3,500 Italians. Later 10,000 Germans)(www.IndianaMilitary.org) Indiana Camp AuTrain Michigan, AuTrain Camp Barkeley Texas Camp Bastrop
* Kurt Richard Westphal escaped in August 1945, and was recaptured in Hamburg, Germany in 1954.
Texas Camp Beale California Camp Blanding Florida Camp Bowie Texas<1> Camp Brady Texas Camp Breckinridge Kentucky Camp Briner North Carolina Camp Bullis San Antonio, Texas Camp Butner
* Kurt Rossmeisl escaped on 4 August 1945, and surrendered in 1959.
North Carolina Camp Campbell Kentucky Camp Carson Colorado Camp Chaffee Sebastian County, Arkansas Camp Chickasha Grady County, Oklahoma Camp Claiborne Louisiana Camp Clarinda Iowa Camp Clark Missouri Camp Clinton Mississippi Camp Como Mississippi Camp Concordia Kansas Camp Cooke California Camp Croft South Carolina Camp Crossville Tennessee Camp Crowder Missouri Camp David Maryland Camp Deming
* Georg Gärtner escaped on 21 September 1945, and finally surrendered in 1985. He was the last, and had remained at large for 40 years.
New Mexico Camp Dermott Arkansas Camp Douglas Wyoming Camp Edwards Massachusetts Camp Ellis Illinois Camp Evelyn Alger County, Michigan Camp Fannin
* Located on the campus of the now University of Texas Health Center at Tyler.
Tyler, Texas Camp Florence
* Largest all-new prisoner of war compound ever constructed on American soil <1>it is now used as United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
Florence, Arizona Camp Forrest
* First attempted escape by two German POWs on 5 November 1942.
Tullahoma, Tennessee Camp Gene Autry Ardmore Army Air Field, Oklahoma Camp Germfask Germfask, Michigan Camp Grant Rockford, IL Camp Greeley <2> Greeley, Colorado Camp Gruber near Muskogee, Oklahoma Camp Hearne Hearne, Texas Camp Hereford Deaf Smith County, Texas (only for Italians)<2> Camp Hobart Oklahoma Camp Hoffman (close to Fort Lincoln and Held over 5,000 confederate soldiers) Maryland Camp Hood Texas Camp Horseshoe Ranch Hickory, Oklahoma Camp Houlton Maine Camp Howze Texas<3> Camp Hulen Palacios,Texas Camp Huntsdale Pennsylvania Camp Huntsville Texas Camp Indianola Nebraska Camp Jerome Arkansas Camp Las Cruces
* Werner Paul Lueck escaped in November 1945, and was recaptured in Mexico City in 1954.
Las Cruces, New Mexico Camp Lee Virginia Camp Livingston Louisiana Camp Lockett California Camp Lordsburg
* 1942-1945: held Japanese American internees, and then German/Italian POWs.
Lordsburg, New Mexico Camp Mackall Hoffman, North Carolina Camp McAlester Oklahoma Camp McCain Mississippi Camp McCoy Wisconsin Camp McLean Texas Camp Mackan North Carolina Camp Maxey Texas<4> Camp Mexia Texas Camp Myles Standish Massachusetts Camp Monticello Arkansas Camp New Cumbrland Pennsylvania Camp Ogden Utah Camp Oklahoma City On site of Will Rogers World Airport. Camp Opelika Alabama Camp Owosso Michigan, Shiawassee County Camp Papago Park
* Germany's 'Great Escape' was from a 200 foot tunnel by 25 prisoners on 24 December 1944.
Arizona Camp Pauls Valley Oklahoma Camp Peary Virginia Camp Perry Ohio Camp Philips Kansas Camp Pickett Virginia Camp Pima Arizona Camp Pine Grove Furnace / Camp Michaux Gettysburg, PA Camp Polk Louisiana Camp Pomona California Camp Popolopen New York Camp Pori Michigan, Upper Peninsula Camp Pryor Oklahoma Camp Raco Michigan, near Sault Ste. Marie Camp Reynolds Pennsyslvania Camp Jos. T. Robinson Arkansas Camp Roswell
* 1942-1946: German POWs.
Roswell, New Mexico (14 miles SE of town) Camp Rucker Alabama Camp Rupert Idaho Camp Ruston Louisiana Camp Santa Fe New Mexico Camp Scottsbluff Nebraska Camp Shanks New York: Point of embarkation Camp Sharpe Gettysburg, PA Camp Shelby Mississippi Camp Sibert Alabama Camp Sidnaw Sidnaw, Michigan Camp Somerset Maryland Camp Stark New Hampshire Camp Stewart Georgia Camp Stockton California Stringtown POW Camp Atoka, Oklahoma Camp Sutton North Carolina Camp Swift Bastrop, Texas Camp Thornton Illinois Camp Tipton Oklahoma Camp Tishomingo Oklahoma Camp Tonkawa
* Site of murder of Johannes Kunze by five fellow German POWs, who were subsequently tried, found guilty and hanged.
Oklahoma Camp Tooele / POW Camp, Co.1, Tooele (original postage) Utah Camp Trinidad
* A 150-foot electrically-lighted tunnel was discovered by authorities.
Colorado Camp Van Dorn Mississippi Camp Wallace Galveston County,Texas Camp Warner Utah Camp Washington
* Reinhold Pabel escaped on 9 September 1945, and was recaptured in Chicago in March 1953
Washington (near Peoria), Illinois Camp Waynoka Oklahoma Camp Wharton Wharton, Texas Camp Wheeler Georgia Camp White Oregon Camp White Rock Dallas, Texas Camp Wolters Texas Corpus Christi Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas Edgewood Arsenal Maryland Eglin Army Air Field Florida Fort Benjamin Harrison Indiana Fort Benning Georgia Fort Bliss Texas Fort Bragg North Carolina Fort Campbell Kentucky Fort Crockett Galveston, Texas Fort Curtis Virginia Fort Custer Michigan Fort Devens Massachusetts Fort Dix
* Harry Girth escaped in June 1946, and surrendered to authorities in New York City in 1953.
New Jersey Fort Drum New York Fort DuPont Delaware Fort Eustis Virginia Fort Gordon Georgia Fort Jackson South Carolina Fort Kearny Rhode Island Fort Knox Kentucky Fort Lawton (Seattle) Washington
* A riot by Negro soldiers took place over preferential treatment given to Italian & German
POW's. One Italian POW was lynched, and Leon Jaworski was the military prosecutor. The Italian and one German POW who committed suicide rather than be repatriated are buried just outside the post cemetery boundaries. Fort Leavenworth Kansas Fort Leonard Wood Missouri Fort Lewis Between Olympia and Tacoma, WA Fort McClellan Alabama Fort Meade Maryland Fort Niagara New York Fort Oglethorpe Georgia Fort Omaha Omaha, Nebraska Fort Ord
* A 120-foot nearly completed tunnel was discovered by authorities.
California Fort Patrick Henry Virginia Fort Reno Oklahoma Fort Riley Kansas Fort Robinson Nebraska Fort D. A. Russell Texas Fort Sam Houston Texas Fort Sheridan Illinois Fort Sill Lawton, Oklahoma Fort Sumner New Mexico Fort F.E. Warren Wyoming Glennan General Hospital Oklahoma Halloran General Hospital New York Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation Virginia Indiantown Gap Military Reservation Pennsyslvania Holabird Signal Depot Maryland McCloskey General Hospital Texas Memphis General Depot Tennessee New Orleans Port of Embarkation Louisiana Olmstead Field Pennsyslvania Pine Bluff Arsenal Arkansas Richmond ASF Depot Virginia Tobyhanna Military Reservation Pennsyslvania Westover Field Massachusetts Rose Hill Rocky mountain arsenal, Colorado
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