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Edited on Mon Jun-12-06 12:45 PM by igil
claim in the link. The first is enough.
The two research teams actually were one: Ali H. Sayyed, Hugo Cerda and Denis J. Wright. Cerda was at Imperial College when the research was done, with the other two co-authors of the study.
Some previous work showed that under the right circumstances, Bt resistance is possible. But as of a year ago, it was only reported in the lab, and those reports were fairly old. The resistance could come by the means typically expected; or strains of insects naturally partially resistant could be mixed together and forced to breed in confined circumstances, without a gene pool of non-resistant strains to dilute the resistance trait; this mimics in the greenhouse what might possibly happen in nature, but isn't likely.
The crux of their research seems to be: "The evolution of resistance to transgenic insecticidal crops involves the interaction of many genetic and biological factors (Tabashnik 1994), including fitness costs. Here we look at two possible fitness costs, the larval development time and fresh pupal weight, of a highly Cry1Ac-resistant re-selected sub-population of P. xylostella SERD4, an unselected (UNSEL) sub-population of SERD4 and a susceptible ROTH population of this species. All populations were reared in the presence or absence of Bt toxin Cry1Ac. The aim was to conduct a preliminary experiment to test the idea that such a toxin could have nutritionally favourable effects on insects that, because of their resistance, could consume large amounts of Cry protein with impunity."
On edit, added: Cry1Ac is the toxin in Bt. SERD4 is the specific strain of Plutella xylostella (L.), the 'diamond back moth' or 'cabbage moth'. Widespread in Europe and N. America.
In prior research, they summarize, resistance led to possible ancillary changes in the insects, with subvarieties being selected for resistance, and altering the overall group properties--perhaps a different color, different size, developmental delays. But mostly they're quibbling with the idea that resistance always entails fitness costs, as found in other studies of Bt resistant insects, some of it their own research. The bugs were previously found to be resistant, but less fit in other ways. (Implication: The presence of Bt crops is what confers survival, management of the resistant strain of insect is simple, simply rotate the Bt crops with non-Bt crops.)
In this research, which started out with resistant insects, they followed up on previous work showing such effects, but looked at a different species. In this species, the larvae were larger; they found they couldn't be certain why this was the case. It might be that the resistant variety was simply larger (but this seems highly unlikely); it's much more likely the resistant moth uses the protein as food. Which makes sense: if it's not toxic to the moth, it's just an otherwise nearly irrelevant protein. (Implication: rotating Bt crops will do nothing to knock down the Bt-resistant strain of this particular pest, if it becomes established in a field.)
"The present results and previous work on re-selected SERD4 populations (Sayyed & Wright 2001) suggest that resistant larvae may be using Cry1Ac as a supplementary food protein, and that this may account for the observed faster development rate of Bt resistant insects in the presence of the Bt toxin. This could either be a pleiotropic effect linked to Bt resistance or, more simply, because of resistant insects exploiting their ability to survive high doses of the toxin. In both cases, the insects are able to digest and utilize the Cry protein. Plant insect nutrition is the result of a complex balance between beneficial and toxic components in the plant. The presence of Cry1Ac toxin could have modified the nutritional balance in the plants for resistant larvae."
Your link seems to imply that the bugs are found in the field, and weren't hand selected; that probably many different species do thrive on Bt crops, instead of the one specific strain of moth looked at; and that this research was performed twice, instead of once. This leads the reader to a wrong conclusion as to what's happening in the field; presumably the author read the original study, and either intended the wrong conclusion to be reached, or simply didn't understand what s/he read in this article.
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