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"In times of crisis philosophies become expressions of the predicament of the age ..It would, however, be a complete misunderstanding if one interpreted existential thought as thought whose subject matter is existence. No, it refers to the mode in which the subject is engaged in his thought ..the term "existentialism" points to a certain state of mind, to a specific approach or attitude, to a spiritual movement which is of significance in present circumstances and to a specific mode of thought, in any case to something which is alive. It is a fundamental mistake to assume that what cannot be defined does not exist. On the contrary, anything which is alive cannot be exhausted by definition ... It can hardly be doubted that these philosophies are specific to the Zeitgeist, ..they express something of that which many feel without being able to formulate it."
"Whilst the majority accepted, voluntarily or forced, the pseudo-philosophies of Marxism, Bolshevism and Fascism, the existentialists defended the rights of the person. Existentialism is not the philosophy of a class, and the problems which it discusses transcend the boundaries of a specific group; they are simply human and they reappear within dictatorial states, even in a more pressing, though perhaps insoluble form ..In fact the existentialists are philosophers of resistance. They attempt to resist the collectivizing trend, bound up with machine production, which seems to lead in any society, whether democratic, fascist or socialist, to a depersonalization of man. This resistance takes various forms ..The philosophies of existence are philosophies of liberation rather than philosophies of freedom. They attempt to liberate man from the domination of external forces, of society, of the state, and of dictatorial power. They want to set man's authentic self free from the shackles of the unauthentic self. For this reason, the fact of estrangement in its enormous complexity and many-sidedness became central with them ..Man should choose himself according to his conscience, which is the voice of God in him, and he should therefore regard his self as a gift from God."
"..All the existentialists stressed the fact of alienation. Did they succeed in overcoming self-estrangement? Is it at all possible to get rid of this affliction? Will not an element of it always remain because of its having, so to say, metaphysical roots? Is it perhaps our permanent fate to remain foreigners on this Earth, in spite of being at home on it? Is this not even more true of man within the universe? Responding consciously and unconsciously to rays from sun and stars, he does not understand the message they may convey. Cosmic alienation is even greater than Earth-alienation ..The highest degree of estrangement, i.e. a complete break and an unbridgeable gulf, and the lowest degree, where no feeling of difference is left, are seldom realized, but they mark the limits between which the pendulum of our feeling oscillates. In their inner life they all remain, to a certain degree, foreign to us." ~ F.H.Heinemann, Existentialism And The Modern Predicament 1953
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