Economy May Face Prolonged Pain, History Suggests
By GREG IP
May 5, 2008; Page A2
The worst of the financial pain may have passed, but the economic pain could be just starting.
The nation's financial markets have rallied since early March, with stocks up and yields on risky corporate and mortgage-backed bonds falling relative to safe U.S. Treasurys. Optimists got an added boost Friday from a government report that U.S. unemployment fell in April.
But history suggests celebration may be premature. It's common in a crisis for markets to hit bottom long before the economy does. That's because markets are forward-looking and because economic weakness is the way the underlying imbalances that produced a crisis are corrected.
"The financial crisis is usually an expression of broader problems in the economy," says Harvard University economist Kenneth Rogoff, who along with Carmen Reinhart of the University of Maryland, recently wrote a history of financial crises back to the 1300s. "It's a mechanism that exacerbates and deepens the recession, but it's seldom the trigger."
The economic fallout from a crisis depends on how much underlying economic factors -- such as consumption, investment and asset prices -- are out of whack with their fundamental determinants. The 1987 stock-market crash and the near-collapse of hedge fund Long Term Capital Management in 1998 threatened the heart of the financial system. But the underlying imbalances were largely limited to the financial markets themselves: stocks overvalued relative to earnings in 1987, and excessive hedge-fund borrowing in 1998. Thus, once the Federal Reserve's rescue operations had mitigated the threat to the financial system, the economic fallout was limited.
The current crisis is different. For several years, U.S. home prices and home construction kept climbing past levels considered sustainable. Homes became collateral for trillions of dollars in borrowing. That depressed savings, inflated consumption, fueled rapid lending and loosened loan standards.
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